Causes and Effect of Poverty Essay

The level of poverty, causes and effects on the Educational sector as well as academic performance of students within the Nigeria is worrisome. Poverty, which forms a specific culture and way of life, is a growing issue in Nigeria. The number of Nigerians living in poverty is continually increasing; hence its effects on students performance. This research focuses on the causes and effects of poverty on the academic performance of pupils in primary school, using primary school within Pankshin Local Government as a case study. To create a comprehensive overview of the study and data collection, both primary and secondary methods were used. The primary method includes the questionnaire while secondary method includes books, articles, results and academics performance of students between 2005 – 2011. Questionnaires were distributed among three (3) randomly chosen primary schools, and the returned questionnaires were collated, analysed and interpreted. The results showed that majority of students in primary schools studied have parents who are living below poverty line subsequently, this affects their performance in school as a result of lack of income. Moreover, majority of the students whose parents are below poverty line have reported cases of different diseases which lead to absenteeism. Lastly, it was observed that some students dropout as a result of inability to pay tuition fees. This research hereby recommends that Government should team up with private bodies to make as well implement policies to reduce poverty. Finally, teachers are advised to inculcate teaching techniques that will help students understand the subject easily in order to perform well.

Democracy & America

In the world today and in America, democracy is the most valued and the vaguest political terms in the current political times and campaigns. The term democracy by definition is a governmental system in which the citizens retain and exercise the political sovereignty. This means that the citizens of a country have a direct say and would contribute in the administration of the country through one of their elected representative.The democracy in America is controlled by two major principles that has to be observed, these are; citizens have equal access to power and are guarded the same while the second one is that, the same power guards all members to enjoy the societal freedoms and liberties. Another very clear definition of democracy is that, it is a form of government which is constituted by the people of a country and in which the supreme power of that government is vested on the same people who constitute it.3 This government by the people lack any form of hereditary or class dist inction differentiation on class basis or privileges. True democracy is voted for by the majority and one that serves and works for the interest of the people, although in any country true democracy is not being experienced by the citizens, they have a voice during elections. This allows the citizens to elect whoever will represent their particular interest and standards. 4In the world there are three major types of democracy that are well known, namely direct democracy, representative democracy and liberal democracy; Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which the citizens have the right and the responsibility to attend meetings the national assembly and participate in the making of policies. In this case all the directly contribute and affect the decision making process. This system has representatives who drew the agendas for such assembly meetings.In this kind of democracy all the citizens have the right to vote and hold offices and it is the duty of all the citizens in a c ountry to actively participate in the decision making process which is determined by the majority. 5 Representative democracy is the kind of democracy that is used in the American Democracy. This form of democracy is characterized by the fact that the citizens elect their representatives who make the decisions on their behalf. Representative democracy is practiced both at the state level, local levels and eve n at the institutions levels. 6The third form of democracy is liberal democracy which is a form of representative democracy in which the elected representatives that hold offices and have the power of decision making on behalf of the public are moderated by the rule of law (constitution). The rule of law in all circumstances emphasizes the protection of the individual rights and the rights of the minority groups in the society. The most basic rights to be protected by the rule of law are like the rights of assembly and speech, the rights to owe and use private property, the rig hts and freedom to religion and the right to be equal before the rule of law.This democracy is as well characterized by elections; it is also characterized multi party systems and also an independent judiciary. These forms of democracy are being practiced in different countries and they all have their advantages and disadvantages. 7 A society that experiences any kind of democracy among the ones discussed above must meet some of the minimum characteristics. Those characteristics have to be met for a society to be referred to as democratic.The main characteristic of a democratic society is to educate the whole society to understand what democracy is and to know their obligations, contributions and requirements as citizens in a democratic society. 8 After the education of the public about their democracy they should also experience that they have the power to choose and replace the government through free and fair elections, the citizens should be actively be involved in the politics and the civil life, the democratic government should have the ability to protect the human rights and in that society the rule of law (i.e. the laws and the procedures) to apply equally to al citizens. All these are the minimum qualifications for a democratic society. 9 A democratic society first is characterized by a political System by which there is competition for power. Democratic societies have the mandate of to choose their leaders and to ensure that they are held accountable for their policies and conduct in office. In this due process of election the people decide who will represent them in parliament and who will head the government at the national and local levels.This is done in a fee and fair elections. In this society the government is based on the decision of the citizens because they are sovereign. In this society the elected representatives at the national and the local levels are always consulting their electorate and work according to their needs and representativ es. The principle of the public suggestion has to be observed since the public have the right and obligation to monitor their representatives business in the government and are free to criticize them.10 This requirement for a democratic society demands that free and fair elections be held after a regular interval as prescribed by law, this elections are not to be influenced by the people in power who do not have any right to extend their time in office without asking the consent of the people. In all democratic elections al the candidates also have the right to campaign freely and to present their ideologies to the voters.The whole process must be monitored by independent electoral observers and a committee that is to resolve any electoral disputes. 11 The second requirement to be met by a democratic society is that the citizens have a bigger responsibility to participate in public life. The society have the mandate and the obligations to be informed about public issues, they have t he obligation to watch carefully how their political representatives use the powers vested on them and to give their opinions and criticism on the same.This can only be achieved if the civil societies who represent a variety of interest and beliefs educate the public and especially women their democratic rights and responsibilities, improve their political skills, represent their common interests, and involve them in political life. In this system there is no one that should be forced to support any political party and the citizens should always be free to support any political party. 12The third requirement for a democratic society is that every citizen in the society has some basic right that is guaranteed under the international law and the state cannot take away from them. The citizens have the rights to have their own beliefs and to communicate freely. They too have the freedom of religion; this states that everyone is free to chose their own religion and to practice their reli gious norms as they deem fit for them. The citizens in such societies have the right to associate with other people and to be incorporate and to be incorporated in the organizations of their own choice.With all these freedoms and others, the state puts it upon the citizens to exercise these rights peacefully, with respect for the law and for the rights of others. 13 The fourth and last basic requirement for democracy in a society is that it be recognized as the rule of law. This rule of law protects the rights citizens, help in the maintenance of orders and helps to limit the power of government. In such a society all the citizens are treated equally under the rule of law and are not being discriminated based on their gender, race, religion or even the ethnic group.In this society the citizens are being protected by law and should never be arrested arbitrarily, they have the right to know their charges and anybody charged with a crime has the right to a fair, open and speedy public trial by an impartial public court. 14 In a democratic society no one is above the law and the law treats people equally. Although these are the requirements of any democratic society, all the societies in the world do not prove to obey them and to defend them. Therefore democracy is only a political term which is not put into practice.Work cited http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-liberal-democracy. htm Retrieved on 19th July 2008 Janda Kenneth and Et al (2004) The Challenge of Democracy: Government in America Houghton Mifflin Blaich Theodore Paul and Baumgartner Joseph Cornelius (1953) the Challenge of Democracy. Published by McGraw-Hill http://www. hewett. norfolk. sch. uk/CURRIC/POLIT/DEMOC. htm Retrieved on The 19th JULY 2008 http://college. hmco. com/polisci/janda/chall_dem/9e/student_home. html Retrieved on The July 19, 2008

Apple Supplier Foxconn Employs 14YearOlds

[3] The theory of internalization itself is based on the transaction cost theory. [3] This theory says that transactions are made within an institution if the transaction costs on the free market are higher than the internal costs. This process is called internalization. [3] For Dunning, not only the structure of organization is important. 3] He added 3 more factors to the theory:[3] Ownership advantages[1] (trademark, production technique, entrepreneurial skills, returns to scale)[2] Ownership specific advantages refer to the competitive advantages of the enterprises seeking to engage in Foreign direct investment (FDI). The greater the competitive advantages of the investing firms, the more they are likely to engage in their foreign production. [4] Location advantages [5](existence of raw materials, low wages, special taxes or tariffs)[2] Locational attractions refer to the alternative countries or regions, for undertaking the value adding activities of MNEs. The more the immobile, natural or created resources, which firms need to use jointly with their own competitive advantages, favor a presence in a foreign location, the more firms will choose to augment or exploit their O specific advantages by engaging in FDI. [4] Internalization advantages (advantages by own production rather than producing through a partnership arrangement such as licensing or a joint venture)[2] Firms may organize the creation and exploitation of their core competencies. The greater the net benefits of internalizing cross-border intermediate product markets, the more likely a firm will prefer to engage in foreign production itself rather than license the right to do so. [4] Source: Dunning (1981)[6]Categories of advantages Ownership advantagesInternalization advantagesLocation advantages Form of market entry Licensing[1] YesNoNo Export YesYesNo FDI YesYesYes [edit]Theory The idea behind the Eclectic Paradigm is to merge several isolated theories of international economics in one approach. 1] Three basic forms of international activities of companies can be distinguished: Export, FDI and Licensing. [1] The so-called OLI-factors are three categories of advantages, namely the ownership advantages, locational advantages and internalization advantages. [1] A precondition for international activities of a company are the availability of net ownership advantages. These advantages can both be material and immaterial. The term net ownership advantages is used to express the advantages that a company has in foreign and unknown markets. 1] According to Dunning two different types of FDI can be distinguished. While resource seeking investments are made in order to establish access to basic material like raw materials or other input factors, market seeking investments are made to enter an existing market or establish a new market. [1] A closer distinction is made by Dunning with the terms efficiency seeking investments, strategic seeking investments and support investments. [1] Trade and FDI patterns for industries and countries. [7]Location advantages StrongWeak Ownership advantagesStrongExportsOutward FDI WeakInward FDIImports The eclectic paradigm also contrasts a country’s resource endowment and geographical position (providing locational advantages) with firms resources (ownership advantages). [7] In the model, countries can be shown to face one of the four outcomes shown in the figure above. [7] In the top, right hand box in the figure above firms possess competitive advantages, but the home domicile has higher factor and transport costs than foreign locations. [7] The firms therefore make a FDI abroad in order to capture the rents from their advantages. [7] But if the country has locational advantages, strong local firms are more likely to emphasize exporting. 7] The possibilities when the nation has only weak firms, as in most developing countries, leads to the opposite outcomes. [7] These conditions are similar to those suggested by Porter’s diamond model of national competitiveness. [7] [edit]Application in practice In dependence of the categories of advantage there can be chosen the form of the international activity. If a company has ownership advantages like having knowledge about the target market abroad, for example staff with language skills, information about import permissions, appropriate products, contacts and so on, it can do a licensing. The licensing is less cost-intensive than the other forms of internalization. If there are internalization advantages, the company can invest more capital abroad. This can be achieved by export in form of an export subsidiary. The FDI is the most capital intensive activity that a company can choose. According to Dunning, it is considered that locational advantages are necessary for FDI. This can be realized by factories which are either bought or completely constructed abroad. FDI is the most capital intensive form of internalization activity. Apple Supplier Foxconn Employs 14YearOlds [3] The theory of internalization itself is based on the transaction cost theory. [3] This theory says that transactions are made within an institution if the transaction costs on the free market are higher than the internal costs. This process is called internalization. [3] For Dunning, not only the structure of organization is important. 3] He added 3 more factors to the theory:[3] Ownership advantages[1] (trademark, production technique, entrepreneurial skills, returns to scale)[2] Ownership specific advantages refer to the competitive advantages of the enterprises seeking to engage in Foreign direct investment (FDI). The greater the competitive advantages of the investing firms, the more they are likely to engage in their foreign production. [4] Location advantages [5](existence of raw materials, low wages, special taxes or tariffs)[2] Locational attractions refer to the alternative countries or regions, for undertaking the value adding activities of MNEs. The more the immobile, natural or created resources, which firms need to use jointly with their own competitive advantages, favor a presence in a foreign location, the more firms will choose to augment or exploit their O specific advantages by engaging in FDI. [4] Internalization advantages (advantages by own production rather than producing through a partnership arrangement such as licensing or a joint venture)[2] Firms may organize the creation and exploitation of their core competencies. The greater the net benefits of internalizing cross-border intermediate product markets, the more likely a firm will prefer to engage in foreign production itself rather than license the right to do so. [4] Source: Dunning (1981)[6]Categories of advantages Ownership advantagesInternalization advantagesLocation advantages Form of market entry Licensing[1] YesNoNo Export YesYesNo FDI YesYesYes [edit]Theory The idea behind the Eclectic Paradigm is to merge several isolated theories of international economics in one approach. 1] Three basic forms of international activities of companies can be distinguished: Export, FDI and Licensing. [1] The so-called OLI-factors are three categories of advantages, namely the ownership advantages, locational advantages and internalization advantages. [1] A precondition for international activities of a company are the availability of net ownership advantages. These advantages can both be material and immaterial. The term net ownership advantages is used to express the advantages that a company has in foreign and unknown markets. 1] According to Dunning two different types of FDI can be distinguished. While resource seeking investments are made in order to establish access to basic material like raw materials or other input factors, market seeking investments are made to enter an existing market or establish a new market. [1] A closer distinction is made by Dunning with the terms efficiency seeking investments, strategic seeking investments and support investments. [1] Trade and FDI patterns for industries and countries. [7]Location advantages StrongWeak Ownership advantagesStrongExportsOutward FDI WeakInward FDIImports The eclectic paradigm also contrasts a country’s resource endowment and geographical position (providing locational advantages) with firms resources (ownership advantages). [7] In the model, countries can be shown to face one of the four outcomes shown in the figure above. [7] In the top, right hand box in the figure above firms possess competitive advantages, but the home domicile has higher factor and transport costs than foreign locations. [7] The firms therefore make a FDI abroad in order to capture the rents from their advantages. [7] But if the country has locational advantages, strong local firms are more likely to emphasize exporting. 7] The possibilities when the nation has only weak firms, as in most developing countries, leads to the opposite outcomes. [7] These conditions are similar to those suggested by Porter’s diamond model of national competitiveness. [7] [edit]Application in practice In dependence of the categories of advantage there can be chosen the form of the international activity. If a company has ownership advantages like having knowledge about the target market abroad, for example staff with language skills, information about import permissions, appropriate products, contacts and so on, it can do a licensing. The licensing is less cost-intensive than the other forms of internalization. If there are internalization advantages, the company can invest more capital abroad. This can be achieved by export in form of an export subsidiary. The FDI is the most capital intensive activity that a company can choose. According to Dunning, it is considered that locational advantages are necessary for FDI. This can be realized by factories which are either bought or completely constructed abroad. FDI is the most capital intensive form of internalization activity.

Policy, Politics And Public Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Policy, Politics And Public Management - Essay Example These are the factors why the size of interest groups in the real estate increases. The impact of these interest groups, who favor moving not just their residential but also their business functions in New Jersey, is apparent in the state's real estate. Since New Jersey is ideally situated in the heart of major cities and seaports in the country, many sectors in the country become part of the interest group, thus providing innovations in the state. According to Thompson (1999), the major impact of the interest groups in the real estate market of New Jersey owes its credit to the manifold factors including the favorable conditions in the state. In his book, New Jersey: A Big Pearl House, Thompson showed that as interest groups increase by 1%, the real estate industry grows by as high as 5%. This analysis showed that the increase in the size of interest groups in New Jersey is four times directly proportional to the improvements in the real estate market of the state. Thompson also showed that the real estate industry accounts for more than 7.8% of the present improvements in the infrastructure which every citizen in the state enjoys. This only proves the huge impact of interest groups not just in the real estate industry but also in the local economy of the state. Smithso

Apply to law school Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Apply to law school - Personal Statement Example In any of my endeavors, I always put out my best to achieve the tasks at hand. Throughout my life, I have had situation that humble me both in failure and success. The naivety I previously had on injustice in society has all faded away. This can be attributed to numerous situations I have had in college and even my social life. I have developed the idealist perspective in settling personal and external conflicts. My stance on justice is apt since I believe everyone deserves a fair chance in life. I have this inner feeling of changing the world through tackling the injustices that I see in my daily life. I want to study law so that I can achieve this sense of fulfillment when I tackle tasks on helping to change the world. My passion for this endeavor is informed by my zeal to understand the law and even fight for social justice. To have the idealist society, social justice is key. This statement aptly informs my interest in studying the law. With my immense study in economics and administration, I believe I will have ample time understanding and implementing the concepts in

Introduction to Communication-Emotional Responses-discussion Personal Statement

Introduction to Communication-Emotional Responses-discussion - Personal Statement Example I vividly remember a situation when a colleague of mine tried to load me with a job, which actually happened to be his responsibility. It being a hard day, I really got angry. I had an interaction with my colleague regarding this issue. Though I didn’t use rude language, I managed to convey my resentment and anger through my bodily gestures. My face was flushed red and I was leaning slightly forward, in a way violating the personal space of my colleague, during this talk. While talking, my eyebrows happened to be down and close to each other and I must admit, I had a rude glare in my eyes. My lips were narrowed and quivering all through that short talk and I was sweating a little. My colleague was able to notice my anger by seeing my body language, though I spoke a little, and he apologized for his mistake. Though I managed to get what I wanted, in retrospect I think that my bodily gestures were a way too aggressive during this interaction, and I could have acted more restrain ed and

Psychological theories of personality (SLP) Essay

Psychological theories of personality (SLP) - Essay Example There are 16 possible psychological types identified by the MBTI psychological model. Using the MBTI model we learn of the four dichotomies of psychological preferences (Bayne, 1997). This model is useful in dictating the character of an individual. The MBTI scores are used in the determination of attitudes and feelings. Attitudes are used to measure the factors of extraversion and introversion (Ewen, 2003). While, functions are divided into perceiving functions of sensing and intuition and the judging functions are made up of thinking and feeling. The interaction of one or more preferences in the MBTI is referred to as type dynamics. On the other hand, the five factor theory is used as a descriptive measure of the human personality. This model contains the five factors of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Through this model openness can be described as the ability to appreciate a lot of emotion, adventure or new ideas (Quenk, 2009). While, conscientiousness is a trait that makes a person behave obediently and exhibit self discipline. All these factors have been extensively tested and found to have strong correlation to human character traits. The FFM (five factor models) use has confirmed high validity and conformity scores to common human behavior traits. For instance, a research was conducted on a population of approximately 24, 000 people using 162 samples and conscientiousness trait matched all the set performance criteria. However, the FFM has been criticized as being limited to a ssessing all human character traits since the model is mainly based on predicting character (Quenk, 2009). The comparison of MBTI and FFM show that the two models have the tendency of being similar. The correlation between the two set of personality models show that four of the MBTI measures are related to the big five personality models in the FFM. Extraversion and

Business and its Impact on Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business and its Impact on Society - Essay Example They are there to deliver the news to the general public. To keep the world connected; to keep the public updated and to communicate exactly what the public wants to hear, is what their function is all about. A few years back, it might not have been an industry but today it’s a business for many. Countless mediums of news media are now in action. Today, the news media has various mediums including the internet, broadcasting and the printed version. Just like in any other industry, there are different players in this field as well, fighting for the market share just like and willing to play dirty if they have to. But this industry has more at stake than in any other because it has a direct affect on the mentality and morale of the user. The players of this market now are even willing to go to an extent of being categorized as unprincipled due to their practices. Media is a very delicate medium of communication with the public. Whatever that is shown or communicated on the news media, becomes the public’s point of view. It can affect the thinking process and the perception of the community; leading them to prosperity or disaster, depending upon the way media portrays the happenings. This profession is something pious. It used to mean something to those who worked for it. They had strong and unwavering values on which they never compromised. But the development of it as a business industry has blown the whole sanctity of the profession. People have turned this profession into money machine, disregarding what affect it might have on public. The role of the participants in this industry is very vital. All the participants work together to put up the skeleton of the job. The public is the most vital participant because the news is about them and for them as well. Then, there are people who are working round the clock to get the news delivered on time and finally, there are those who in reality deliver the news to the public. Today’s era is ahead of the previous one; now people can even give their feedback. Public literally dictates the news media; if the public demands to remain in touch with all the bitter realties of their society, then the media would automatically present them with harsh truth. On the other hand, if the society wants to remain in their bubble of optimism, then their whole media would be in line with the cherry news. Management and journalists have always had a point of conflict on two main things. The first one being what sells the most. Secondly, how much of it is being backed up by the titans of the markets and society. The management looks for the benefits of the organization as a whole. They consider themselves as the profit making organizations, where as journalists believe that they are working for a better cause than just simple money. On this point, the management is even ready to mutilate the story as per required for the situation and the demands of the time. They can elaborate or hide the fac ts that can lead to severe consequences for some, out of plain need for finances for their organization. The management also looks forward to please the mighty in the society, be it the political gurus or business tycoons; they want to keep them in their good books for future needs. This might make them alter the truth, but the journalists want to provide the public with truth, without any sugar coating. In the 21st century, public controls the media. The public now, is highly aware. They want to hear the truth without any layers of sweetness over it.

GENCO product life-cycle reverse logistics support policy Research Paper

GENCO product life-cycle reverse logistics support policy - Research Paper Example The company has automated its operations that make it easier to handle loads and load of reverse goods that they are contracted for. GENCO has centralized its operations to manage goods sent to the customer through its systems. It ensures there are feedback and direct communication for fast flow of goods from the supplier or corporation to the customer. The company also has a system that conducts the reverse logistics from the retailer to the vendor. There is also a product recall management system within GENCO that deals with recalling of goods that are defective, spoilt or have been rejected due to other circumstances. There is also an inspection, repair and testing of the products that are to be sent to the customers. This is in the policy of the company of reverse logistics support. There is also recycling services under this policy of the company. The policy describes the recycling procedures that are an end – of – life process of the goods. It is aimed to maximize the reusing of all the components and the raw materials and also to regulate the disposal of the complainant. Logistics in GENCO has a policy that performs all these processes explained

Delayed ischemia due to cerebral vaso spasm post operate subarachnoid Essay

Delayed ischemia due to cerebral vaso spasm post operate subarachnoid haemorrhage clipping - Essay Example This disease mostly strike at fairly young age and proved to be fatal. Its effects are similar to the cerebral infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage. Diagnosis and acute management of the subarachnoid represents a great challenge to the neurologists, neurosurgeons, interventions radiologists and intensivists. In this case study we analyze the factors that are involved in the subarachnoid hemorrhage and their relation with the delayed ischemia that is occur because of the cerebral vasospasm. In this study we also evaluate the role of the practitioners regarding to this disease. In most of the population the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage is 6-7 individuals per 100, 000 persons in a year. Incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage increases with the age. Their risk factors are smoking, constant or excessive alcohol intake and hypertension. In the patients who have positive family history for subarachnoid hemorrhage, the average age at which the disease strikes to them is younger age t han in patients with the sporadic subarachnoid hemorrhage. So, genetic factors also play significant role in this disease. Factors that are involved in the rupture of the arachnoid membrane are very complex; it happens because of the sudden increase in trans mural arterial pressure, activities such as exercise, straining and intercourse are reported as 20% necessary factor in the prevalence subarachnoid hemorrhage (Zentner, et al., 1996). The main characteristic symptom of subarachnoid hemorrhage is the head ache. This head ache is different from the normal head ache that usually occurred in individuals in their daily routine life due to extensive hard work. Head ache usually last 1- 2 weeks and sometime longer and of very high intensity. Vomiting is also the characteristic of this disease but it is not distinctive one because it also occurred in the patients of non-hemorrhagic. Focal neurological deficits occur when an aneurysm compresses a cranial nerve or bleeds into the brain pa renchyma or from focal ischemia due to acute vasoconstriction immediately after aneurysmal rupture. Sometimes, therefore, the clinical manifestations of a ruptured aneurysm are indistinguishable from a stroke syndrome from cerebral infarction. Complete or part third-nerve palsy is a well-recognized sign after rupture of aneurysms, mostly of the internal carotid artery at the origin of the posterior communicating artery (Wartenberg, et al., 2006). Systematic feature which are associated with the subarachnoid hemorrhage are sever hypertension, hypoxemia and electrocardiographic changes which can mimic the myocardial infarction and lead to erroneous examinations and treatments. The first investigation if the subarachnoid hemorrhage is suspected is CT scan. Their detection depends on the amount of blood that leaked into the subarachnoid space. The indication of surgery in patients of subarachnoid hemorrhage can be done if the overall medical condition of the patient is out of control, l ike aneurysm size and location, accessibility of the aneurysm for surgical repair, and presence or absence of thrombus, are also important (Wartenberg, et al., 2006). Cerebral vasospasm is the intensive and prolonged vasoconstriction of the large conducting arteries in the subarachnoid space that is initially surrounded by the clot. The further narrowing of the vessels develop gradually over the first few days after the aneurysmal ruptur

Activity Intended for Enhancing a Skill Essay Example for Free

Activity Intended for Enhancing a Skill Essay This paper examines the effectiveness of the activity that is carried out in order to enhance a particular skill. The activity of turning letters into words is selected and carried out as a game between the members of an identified group with the main objective being attainment of improved group performance and development. The paper examines the degree of response achieved in the skill with the help of the intended activity. The game of Turning Letters into Words is an activity that is chosen to improve the development and performance of a group and is a great tool to develop knowledge abilities and skills through participation. Dividing the whole group into smaller teams helps in building a structured approach towards shared group objective. This activity creates a stimulating learning environment for each member and hones their behavioral skills to maximize the team’s performance and development. All the members participate fully in terms giving individual contribution as well as working together with others. Being an integral part of the team and having the responsibility of making the maximum words possible with the provided letters, gives a boost to the team spirit. Each member is then supposed to question oneself about whether the letters contributed by him/her helped or restricted the team members in making the most of the needed long words. This brings out the feeling of cohesiveness and suppresses the individualistic approach, which helps in rapid increase in performance levels. The collective act of choosing the letters and making maximum words not just brings the members together, but also promotes the feeling of trust, cooperation and the winning streak. The feeling of competing at the group level helps he members to cope with the distinct behaviors and perspectives, without getting into the blame game. Each member strives to achieve the maximum number of words by unknowingly working towards the strengths and weaknesses of their own teams and articulating the team’s vision. The activity of forming words as a team helps in establishing clear team guidelines, objectives and a well thought out team orientation process. The process of mapping the individual performance with the team’s overall performance while working at a high capacity in the present role augments the group development to accomplish the maximum performance. However, a close scrutiny of the team members’ reaction reveals that the age group is a significant factor in defining the individual’s response to such skill enhancing activities. The different set of values and attitude characterize the way the older generation is not so rapid with coming up with new words. The newer generation however responds more quickly to such skill grinding activities. Therefore, it can be concluded that strategically designed activities can surely be used to facilitate requisite skills such as yielding performance metrics, provided the management is well knowledgeable about the degree of responsiveness. References http://www. teambuildingportal. com/games/turning-letters-words. php

Essay on television news Essay Example for Free

Essay on television news Essay Television news and current affair programs have become an essential part of our everyday lives in this cutting edge society today. Nine Networks A Current Affair program is a 30-minute long current affairs program covering politics, crime, human rights, science, technology and many other areas. It is an example of a consumer-oriented program, which seeks to appeal to viewers to get the ratings and thereby generate revenue through advertising for the Nine Network. I will use this current affairs program broadcast on the 2nd November to discuss how the codes of television reinforce the narrative elements in one of the stories presented on the television screen. The current affair story I have chosen which runs for five minutes and eight seconds is about an out-of-control 15-year old Stacey who has been locked in a wire cage for her past seven years. She is severely intellectually handicapped and her mother is forced to lock her up for her own safety reasons. She claims that the Government does not provide sufficient disabilities services and resources in areas such as rural South Australia. Throughout the story, viewers are positioned to sympathize with Staceys mother, Kerry. She is portrayed as a victim of the lack of disabilities services, desperately pleading the government to take action. The different camera angles and movement, selection of film footage, background music, voice-overs and word choice are examples of techniques used to enhance the narrative elements in the story such as characterization, point of view, setting, structure and many more. The two main production codes I will focus on are technical and audio codes. The characters of this story include the current affair presenter, Stacey the 15-year old girl, her mother Kerry, a family friend, South Australia Disability Service Minister and Chris Hill the on-spot reporter and interviewee. Various shots such as close-up, longand panning shots are used to show the main character of the story Stacey behind her cage. She is shown clinging on to the wire cage like a prisoner without freedom. Viewers are in this way positioned to feel sorry for her. We normally associate imprisonment with crime and wrong doings. Here, we are presented with an innocent victim suffering from Down syndrome, being denied the basic human right of freedom through no fault of her own. There are also shots filming interviews with Staceys mum, Kerry. The close-up shots showing Kerrys weary and desperate face suggests to viewers that she is also suffering from locking her daughter up in the cage for her own safety and this allows viewers to observe the physical effect of the stressful situation. This makes viewers feel sorry for her as the mother of a handicapped daughter. The shots showing South Australias Disability Service Minister busy flipping through his pile of work tells viewers that the minister is very busy and he has other community issues to look at. It shows that the need to help Stacey is low down in the ministers listed priorities. Viewers react by feeling angered because the government cannot provide these services for families in need. Seeing the Minister in his city office environment contrasted with the rural setting of the Staceys cage, viewers can see the huge gap in the importance placed in addressing this problem. The melancholy background music, designed to raise emotions, is also played whenever Stacey appears on the scene, further emphasizing the sufferings of the mother and daughter. The setting of the story is also enhanced by shots showing rural South Australia and Staceys wire cage. The long shots are used to show location as isolated and deserted from the major town centres and the voice of Chris Hill further enhances it. There are footages showing the surroundings of the Staceys house, suggesting the danger Stacey faces if she is let loosed. The close up shots of the wire cage and the faces behind the cage; and the repetition shots of the opening of the cage reinforce the prison setting Stacey has been living in for the past seven years. The point of view in the story is 90% focused on Staceys mother, Kerry and their family friend. Viewers are persuaded to side with them in arguing against the government for the lack of disability services such as day care programs, transport services and other disability services. The footage showing Stacey interacting with the camera as she interrupts the normal narrative flow of the camera work by covering the camera lens show her behaviour as uncontrolled and undisciplined. It also demonstrates clearly to the viewers that Stacey has a lack of understanding of the appropriate behaviour and responses in the world around her. This reinforces the viewpoint of Staceys mother that this problem is not exaggerated. The current affair presenter also commented on the lack of support provided, further enhancing that the government is not doing anything. The sympathetic tone is created through the selection of words chosen by the voice-over and presenter. For example, Stacey home is described as a domestic detention centre. This emotive language is normally associated with asylum seekers arriving in our country. Other selective words and adjectives used include barbaric when referred to the action of locking Stacey up and Wire Cage when referred to Staceys house. This colourful language is used to make the story seem more interesting and touching. There is also a personal testimony recounting an incident from the past to demonstrate the past and present difficulties faced by Kerry and many other interviews to make the story more truthful. Values and attitudes of the Australian government are also reinforced using technical and audio codes in the story. The Australian Government likes to think of themselves as caring, helpful and supportive. They believe that they have one of the best healthcare systems in the world. This story sets on to show one of the examples of the system failing to provide services for all in the community. In conclusion, the current affair story is put together using the different narrative techniques such as characterization, setting, point of view and tone and it is reinforced through the use of television production codes such as technical and audio codes.

Marketing Essays International Advertising

Marketing Essays International Advertising International Advertising International marketing advertising in this case can be taken to mean the dissemination of commercial messages to the target group globally. It involves the communication of a newly or even an existing products in a particular producing country so that it can reach the potential consumers all over the world. This is because you tend to find that the target audience for a particular product will tend to differ from one country to another. This is because of the many believes and attitudes which are possessed by so many people all over the world. It is due to this that international marketing has proved to be quite effective in that it will involve communicating of new produced products to many countries. You also find that the way people perceive or interpret stimuli or even symbols, the way people tend to respond to emotional or humour appeals plus their many levels of languages and literacy will require international marketing advertising so that the product can reach the potential consumer. There are so many ways by which international marketing advertising can take place so that the target audience can be in a position to access these products. Through the paper, I will try to analyze how international advertising takes place with reference to the tusker brewing company in Kenya. (Douglas, 2001) International advertising by Tusker Brewing Company You find that for international marketing to take place, the firms producing these products should be organized in a way which will make this advertising to be quite effective. For example the multinational firms need to centralize their advertising decisions plus budgeting this mode of advertising since its bit expensive as when compared to other modes of advertising. They need to have a number of agencies in such countries so that they can advertise their many products. So for the case of the tusker brewing company in Kenya, you find that they have agencies in other countries like it has agencies in Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi whereby the work of these agencies is to market the tusker products in to these countries. It’s through this advertising that most of the potential consumers are in a position to access this beer hence leading to increased profits in the company. You find that its budgets are usually decentralized and also placed in the hands of its local subs idiaries resulting in the greater use of the local advertising agencies. So these agencies usually move from one country to another advertising these products to the potential consumers and hence its through this international advertising that many potential customers from all corners of the world will get the type of beer they want which will satisfy them fully while at the same time increasing the companies profits hence leading to economic development. Since many people tend to differ in their consumption pattern, you will find that a particular country can have a high consumption of the tusker beer more than the producing country and this is one of the factors which have led to the international advertising. (Rijkens, 2000) Developing an international advertising strategy will prove very much important since an advertising strategy will develop a regional or even a global advertising campaign. For example you will find that if the advertising in this case is to develop a strong corporate or even a global image, in this case you will find that a uniform global campaign strategy will be most effective. So with the tusker brewing company, it has developed a global advertising campaign whereby it needs to reach as many customers as possible. So it sends its agencies to different countries whereby campaigns are usually carried advertising the particular produced beer in the market. This global campaign in this case has several advantages unlike the local campaigns in that when tusker brewing company advertises its new products globally, then it will be in a position to get more customers worldwide who will buy its beer hence leading to increased profits to the company. So the global campaigns in this case ar e so much beneficial as far as the tusker company is concerned. Alden, D 2001 There are so many world advertising industries which operate in almost all countries so it is the role of the company to use such agencies if it does not want to employ its own agencies to market its products to these countries. But with the case of the Tusker brewing company, it has its own marketers who go advertising its products in to these countries. (Albers-Miller, 2001) Due to the rise of the new technology, you find that the globalization process has come up with so many technologies which have made advertising of alcohol products to be effective. Advertising of the products in this case can take through the internet whereby most of the potential consumers in this case can be in a position to have access to such products. So the new technology has made advertising of the products to be quite effective since you will find that the consumers need only to access such products through the internet hence be in a position to know the new products which have been introduced in the market. There are so many websites which have come up with the new technology hence you find that most of the alcohol companies which produce such beers can market their new brands through the internet meaning that people from all corners of the world can be in a position to access the newly produced beer in the market. Internet advertising is one of the ways by which most of th e alcohol companies have been in a position to differentiate their many products from their competitors. This is because you find that there are so many brewing companies all over the world and the only way most of the alcohol producers can try to compete effectively in the competitive world is to try and differentiate their many brew products. So you will find that most of the new brands of alcohol which are produced care advertised through the internet. I will give the example of the Tusker Company in Kenya which has used the internet to advertise its many products through the internet. It is due to this that the tusker company in Kenya has been in a position to compete effectively with the other companies say the Coca-Cola company among other companies in Kenya. Differentiation of products is very much important for any company which needs to grow. This is because if the tusker company differentiates its products through the provision of new brand names and then advertises them t o the potential consumers, then you will find that this company will be in a position to increased profits. (Albers-Miller, 2001) The brand name which is used by the manufacturer in this case will very much matter. The content of the brand name will have an impact to the potential consumers hence in this case, branding of products is very much important so that the consumers can be in a position top know the type of beer they are taking and the several ingredients which were used to make such beer. This is according to a research which was done of the significance of branding in to a particular newly produced product in the market. A certain brand of beer was produced and then put in unbranded bottle and another beer was also produced and put in a branded bottle and research was done on the two beers where market research was done. The tow bottles were taken in to the market and results were that the branded beer had so many customers unlike the unbranded bottle. It was found that most of the potential consumers of tusker could not purchase the new produced beer simply because it did not have any contents which could show the type of beer which was been sold in the market. So this particular research tells us that when marketing or even advertising our newly produced products in the market, you will find that it is quite essential to ensure that the alcohol products are branded so that the consumers in this case can be in a position to know the type of beer which is been sold in the market. The brand name will matter a lot since most of the consumers will go with the brand name which answers their many problems. A good example to explain this is that most of the alcoholics want the beer which will make them stay high for quite along time. So if the content of your beer does not convince the consumers to buy it, then you will find that your particular products in this case will not get many customers hence leading to the closure of your business. So international marketing in this case will mean that the type of brand which is used in your products will tend to convince so many people to b uy and should go with the demands of the consumers. International advertising has its advantages and disadvantages as far as the operation of the tusker brewing company is concerned. Let’s try to analyze some of the advantages of the international advertising by the Tusker brewing company in Kenya. (Albers-Miller, 2001) Advantages International marketing advertising has so many advantages as when compared to its disadvantages. First you will find that international advertising will mean communication the products in to so many customers hence meaning that the company will have build a strong coherent global image for its products worldwide. In this case most of the potential consumers from different countries of the world will tend to have access of the newly produced product in the market hence meaning that the company will eventually have increased profits. This is because it will have accrued so many customers to buy the beer. You also find that the use of same images in many countries whereby the new brand of beer is advertised will tend to build a familiarity and also try to generate more synergies across the world market. Here, you will find that the continuous advertising in these countries will make the product to be more familiar to the target audience hence meaning that the consumers in this case will have known the product for quite enough periods. This is because you find that most of the consumers are clever today since most of the greedy marketers who advertise bad products advertise it once and after selling it completely they disappear from the market completely. So with the continuous advertising of the products in to these countries you will that the consumers will be familiar with the product hence leading to huge profits by the company. (Albers-Miller, 2001) Disadvantages Despite the advantages tusker brewing company has had with the international marketing advertising, it has experienced some disadvantages. One is that international advertising is an expensive mode of advertising since it needs a heavy budget for it can start such campaigns. So when employing these agencies, these people need to be paid a lot of money since they are trying to market the product on your behalf. So a lot of money is required to pay such agencies who go marketing your product in to the many countries in which they visit. Also, it will involve internet advertising which is an expensive method to use by the producers of the tusker beer. So in this case you will find that since most of the consumers do not have access to the internet especially those people at the rural areas, then it will become a bit hard to communicate the product to them. The issue of a language barrier can occur when advertising hence meaning that if the marketers differ in their languages, then it wi ll be difficult for the international marketing to take place. (Grey, 2004) Conclusion International advertising can act as an integrating force across the national boundaries whereby the advertising of the new product tend to go beyond the bounders of the producing countries so that the product can be communicated to the target audience. This is because of the many consumption differences by so many people since people tend to differ in the consumption of such products. Reference Douglas, P 2001, International marketing strategy, McGraw Hill, New York. Grein, A 2004, International advertising management, Bacon and Allyn, Boston Rijkens, G 2000, Advertising strategies, Cassell, London Albers-Miller, N 2001, designing cross cultural advertising research: A closer look at paired comparisons. Journal of international marketing review Vol. 13(5) Alden, D 2001, Identifying global and culture specific dimensions in humour in advertising A multinational analysis, Journal of marketing. Grey, A 2004, â€Å"every market needs a different message†, IABC Communication World.

John Wilkes Booth Essay -- essays research papers

John Wilkes Booth John Wilkes Booth ( A man with a mission) is known as killing one of our U . S presidents, Abraham Lincoln. How did he do it when did he do it and where did he do it at? Lincoln helping abolish slavery state by state to try to stop the civil war. John Wilkes Booth as he was known as a professional actor before the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Today his life is often forgotten and is also overlooked in schools around the world John Wilkes Booth was born on May 10, 1838 in a log house. The family home was on property near Bel Air, Maryland, twenty- five miles south of the Mason- Dixon line. Elder brother Edwin supervised his younger brother's upbringing. Later Edwin and older sister Asia would write about their eccentric brother's behavior. When finishing a year of school at a picnic he told his sister Asia he went to a fortune teller a couple weeks before and the fortune teller told him " Your life will be a short one and a victorious one at that. You will accomplish most of everything you set your mind too. ( this might sound a little bit weird, but she's a " fortune teller") This might have set a tick in his psychotic mind that maybe he thought that he could do anything he wanted to do. ( Dort, Aaron) Francis Wilson, who wrote a biography of Booth in 1929, stated that Booth opened his stage career in 1855 at the Charles Street Theatre in Baltimore. He began performing on a regular basis two years later. Once Booth started upon his acting career, he wanted the comparisons between himself and his late father to Cease. It was a common practice of theater companies to retain actors who would complement a touring, star figure. Booth eventually became one the these star figures, with stock companies for one and two week engagements. Often a different play was performed each night, requiring Booth to stay up studying his new role until dawn, when he would rise and make his way to the theater for rehearsal. In October of 1864 Booth traveled to Montreal. He conducted a number of meetings with men associated with the Confederacy. The record is unclear as to what exactly transpired. By mid- November Booth checked into the National Hotel in Washington. Booth carried with him a letter of introduction from the Confederates, with whom he had conferred, addressed to Dr. William Queen of Charles County, Mary... ...e blaze allowed the soldiers to see Booth moving in the wooden building with a pistol and a rifle. It was at this point that Boston Corbett fired his own pistol, claiming later that it was to prevent Booth from killing more people. Several soldiers dragged Booth, still alive, from the burning structure. Booth had been shot in the neck by Sgt. Boston Corbett. As he was laid on a wooden porch, he was found to be paralyzed from the neck down and whispered his final words, "tell my mother I did it for my country... useless, useless [while looking at his hands being held up to his face]."[ In reaction to Lincoln's death a women from the south replied, "Hurrah! Old Abe Lincoln is dead!" South Carolina girl, on hearing Lincoln's death, April 15, 1865. In the end two people where killed the assassinated and the assassinater. Lincoln the assassinated killed good friday April 15, 1865. The assassinater John Wilkes Booth completed his so called mission, with the help of a few people. A conspires maybe, of those on the side of evil who believe that we should have slavery today. The KKK who are racists might look back on the day of the death of Lincoln. So do you think this

Tone and Imagery in The School Children Essay -- School Children Essay

Tone and Imagery in The School Children    Louise Gluck's   The School Children   may provide some shock for readers as it twists and turns through a school day marked by eerie abnormalities.   Gluck successfully uses visual imagery to convey a deeper meaning to a fourteen-line poem about children, teachers and parents.   These three groups come to life through the descriptive poem that allows readers to form their own conclusions.   Though Gluck’s meaning is never clearly stated, her use of tone and imagery create an extremely visual work with three dynamic sets of characters.    Gluck continuously presents the schoolchildren as simple, orderly creatures. She portrays them as heading to school with their book bags and later in the poem points out the orderly arrangement of their coats inside their classroom.   This orderliness helps readers perceive the children as wooden dolls or mindless beings that follow instruction.   Gluck writes,   How orderly they are- the nails on which the children hang their overcoats of blue or yellow woods (8-10).  Ã‚   These lines are divided in a manner that present an image of children hanging orderly on nails before the reader reaches the final line describing their clothing and show the powerful imagery created by Gluck.   It is important to note that the children are described as only having two different styles of coats- a yellow wool coat, perhaps for girls, and a blue wool coat, most likely for boys.   Gluck leaves readers imagining a flock of orderly children wearing similar clothing while sitting in their c lassroom.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Joining the schoolchildren inside the classroom are teachers, whom Gluck describes... ...f a June Cleaver figure who is sending a token of appreciation to her child s teacher.   Instead they are interpreted to be desperate creatures seeking for any sign of hope in an environment filled with gloom.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The descriptions of these three sets of characters through visual imagery provided an important element in Gluck s creation of   The School Children   which is part of her larger work, The House on Marshland that was drafted in 1971.   Throughvisual imagery she creates a combination of characters that help readers interpret the possible underlying meanings of the work.   Gluck successfully uses the schoolchildren, teachers and mothers as vehicles for the various interpretations of her work.   In the process, she creates dynamic characters that we are able to understand through symbolism and imagery.   

Coral Divers Resort Case Study Essay -- A Case Analysis

Problem: Coral Divers Resort is a safe and knowledgeable scuba diving resort with a beach front location. Over the past three years revenues have declined and Greywell suffered a $5, 174 in losses in 1994. Coral Divers Resort needs to do something before business gets worse and Jonathan Greywell and his resort go out of business. The first option that Greywell has would be to move Coral Divers Resort to New Providence Island in the Bahamas. The island has a large population, and Nassau the capital has the most developed tourist attractions in the Bahamas. One of the strengths of moving to New Providence would be the large tourist population that gathers there. The island also offers underwater movie sets from popular Bond movies which remain popular dive attractions today. There are also natural underwater dive spots which are ideal for tourists looking for reef or drop off dives. The weaknesses of moving to New Providence Island would be the high costs of land and operations. Greywell might not be able to sell his resort for what it is worth, and the high property costs on Providence would be very high. Two thirds of the Bahamas population lives on this island which wouldn’t improve bookings. Moving to Providence Island would just move Coral Resorts and its problems to a new location. The second option for Greywell would be to incorporate more adventurous dives into his business. Shark, wreck, wall, and reef diving all offer more adventurous and exciting dives th... Coral Divers Resort Case Study Essay -- A Case Analysis Problem: Coral Divers Resort is a safe and knowledgeable scuba diving resort with a beach front location. Over the past three years revenues have declined and Greywell suffered a $5, 174 in losses in 1994. Coral Divers Resort needs to do something before business gets worse and Jonathan Greywell and his resort go out of business. The first option that Greywell has would be to move Coral Divers Resort to New Providence Island in the Bahamas. The island has a large population, and Nassau the capital has the most developed tourist attractions in the Bahamas. One of the strengths of moving to New Providence would be the large tourist population that gathers there. The island also offers underwater movie sets from popular Bond movies which remain popular dive attractions today. There are also natural underwater dive spots which are ideal for tourists looking for reef or drop off dives. The weaknesses of moving to New Providence Island would be the high costs of land and operations. Greywell might not be able to sell his resort for what it is worth, and the high property costs on Providence would be very high. Two thirds of the Bahamas population lives on this island which wouldn’t improve bookings. Moving to Providence Island would just move Coral Resorts and its problems to a new location. The second option for Greywell would be to incorporate more adventurous dives into his business. Shark, wreck, wall, and reef diving all offer more adventurous and exciting dives th...

Cruise Tourism Industry

Cruise tourism industry is has become the most important icon of modern tourism in the 21st century. This has mainly been prompted by the changing human utilitarian demands and globalization which makes it much easier to move and interact with environment and other people. Besides, it has been boosted by vast advancement in technology that makes it easy for the people to move out within the highest considerations of safety, comfort, and precise predetermination of the expected destination.Cruise tourism industry has given the tourism total revolution making the industry to be one of the most important sectors in the world economy (Kingston, 2006). However the development and future of the industry is highly dependent on the emergent issues that directly affect the world economy as the main source of consumers for the industry, the international peace & stability especially of the destination regions, the environmental considerations for the industry, and the regions of destination. O f greater importance however, is the consumers desire to explore and experience new aspects and phenomenon different from their home settings.Besides, it forms a direct platform for effective research in different aspects of psychology, natural sciences, social interactions and technological applications (Wood, 2000). Therefore, it depicts a coterminous entity upon where vast applications can be simultaneously applied and studied with ease. Overview of the cruise industry Historical background and development of the industry The current Cruise tourism industry has a long history dating back to the late 19th century when Prinzessin Victoria Luise was finished and commissioned by Hamburg-American Line Company for Transatlantic expeditions.However, historians argue that cruise voyages have existed since the famous travel of Christopher Columbus. Though scholars have sharply been divided over the issue, a common ground appears to have been reached with re-definition of tourism and chara cterisation of its different aspects. Most of the ancient voyages were driven by desire to search for new lands and exploit them for economic gains and less concerned with need for pleasure and site seeing of the current tourism (Kingston, 2006).However, it is very clear that the modern system has directly been shaped by the historical connotations and vastly modified by advancement in technology to reflect its present situation. During the mid 20th century, intercontinental travellers largely used ships for their movement due to the resultant comfort and good experience attached to it (Abraham & Yoel, 1999). However, most of them were directly travel oriented and had less to do with tourism demands. It was due to these experiences that the current systems of massive cruise ships largely establish its basement and progress.More cruise ships specifically meant for holiday were established with greater emphasis for comfort and satisfaction being given much higher priorities (Charles & Brent, 2006). However, most of the cruise considerations were thought to be reservations for the upper class while the lower classes had no position in the same type of expeditions. The current cruise ships are fully inclusive and entirely meant for all the people as the cost adjusts downwards with the rising suppliers of the services. Organization and management Due to the high returns from the industry, massive investments have been mobilized by the different cruise industries.Unlike the previous travelling where much smaller and simpler systems operated with greater focus of transferring people from one destination to another only, the current cruise ships are organised much like float hotels with complete hospitality staff. In the Royal Caribbean International, the staffs in the ship are equal or slightly less than the number of tourists on-board. Effective coordination and management with technicians, engineers, security, and astrologists form the technical bench in the MS Libe rty of the Seas.Besides, they are well manned from the land by constant coordination with the base surveillance monitoring unit via satellite. In the Minors of the Sea, several thousand meals are several thousand meals are served at any particular sitting. The system has been equated to an ecological unit with all the systems highly interdependent and fully self sustaining with minimal external monitoring. Demand for the cruise tourism Since late 1980s, the demand for cruise tourism has strongly risen globally as different generations change the approach to tourism to become part of their lifestyle demands which sets a strong mark of achievement.Compared to the demand during the ‘rebirth' of the industry in 1980s', the demand had doubled by the year 2005. An average of 500,000 people in North America took cruises by the onset of 1980s (Zeneth, 2008). However, the industry was marred by uncertainty due to poor development of technology and lack of enough information for the ind ustry. Besides, cruising was mostly undertaken in US and Eastern Europe only with other countries being at the tender ages of developing their systems. Since then, the demand has been rising at an average rate of 8% annually and is expected to reach a total of 10 million cruises by the year 2007.This number has been projected to continue rising as more players have ventured into the market shifting the previously upper class venture consideration to an all people exercises for faster expansion of the business. By 2015, it is predicted that the number of people cruising the oceans will reach 17 million a 70% increase on the 2000 total number. According to the cruise lines international (CLIA), the demand from the people is double the current number of the cruisers but strongly restricted by location which hinders accessibility (Chris et al, 2008).The most visited region is the Caribbean with over 80% of the tourists it every year. Europe regions are also greatly visited especially al ong the Mediterranean Sea routes. However, fast demand is shifting to the Baltic land along Copenhagen, Tallinn, Stockholm, Helsinki and St. Petersburg ports. Supply of cruise tourism Arguably, the supply of Cruise Tourism has been rising very fast over the last three decades. However, the pace is considered to be a slow one compared to the level of demand by the people for the same services.As indicated earlier cruise tourism is one of the most expensive ventures in the world. Though most travellers view is as a system of get-enjoy-achievement, the underlying harmonization entails vast demands in terms of engineering, coordination and human labour management, security connotation, and international considerations of environment and related protocols. As a result, only few industries have been wiling to venture into the complicated business (Charles &Brent, 2006). This has left the field to smaller ships with much lower holding capacities to operate the lucrative business.The modern carriers are generally much bigger with massive and advanced facilities to hold and secure more consumers with higher levels of comfort during the voyage. Currently, Carnival Corporations is one of the largest cruise companies owning Princess Cruise ship, Swan Hellenic, P& O Cruises and Costa Cruises among others operating US and Europe. By 2010, the company aims at having over 100 cruise ships added to the current 200 operating in the sea. Other major operators and suppliers of the services include Royal Caribbean which is highly established in the North American region.It serves the tourists even to further destinations like Bermuda regions and the polar areas. Norwegian Cruise Lines serves most of the Europe especially along the Mediterranean sea with extension to the polar regions and the Baltic lands. Currently, cruise tourism is becoming a mass market with other major players like India, China, Japan, and Singapore establishing their cruising tourism systems to tap the fast r ising demand. In US, 1/3 of the cruise sails from the port of Miami with others sailing from Port Everglades, Port Canaveral, New York, Tampa, Galveston, and San Juan.Many of the UK cruise lines operate from Barbados (Zeneth, 2008). Economic aspects of cruise tourism Due to the high demands for the cruise services in the world, most of the countries have greatly reaped from the establishment. With the currently demand being expected to rise to 11. 9 and 5. 3 million in America and Europe respectively, World Trade Organization indicates that the sector will form a strong economic support for the individual countries by the year 2015. International Council of Cruise Lines indicates that the industry is riding a strong line of consumer demand improving the economic conditions in North America.According to Zeneth (2008), an average economic impact of the cruise industry spending is estimated at US $ 1, 523 million annually including the total consumption of the ship and passengers. Owin g to the current growth rate of the industry, the amount is expected to double as the industry becomes more vibrant and more players venture into the business. Most of the seaports where the cruise ships take off have highly developed from the business. Scholars argue that the â€Å"flavour and taste† of port cities like Miami, St.Peters burg and Barbados have fully changed to reflect the new ideals of superiority and expensive derivation. The efficiency of the services and facilities offered in these towns have greatly increased with modern aspects relating to cruise tourism improving with speed to cater for the fast growing business (Chris et al, 2008). In Australia, the Cruise industry is expected to contribute immensely to the country's economy in the next decade. Most of the industries specializing in human services provision have found special niches where they can get fast market for their products and services.Environmental aspects of cruise tourism Though this indust ry is fast growing and offering vast promises to the investors and the economy, major concerns have been cited in its application and which requires strong consideration necessary for reducing possible negative effects. Over the years, environment has become a major concern for the cruise tourism industry. Taking into consideration that most of the cruise ships are very large and hold vast numbers of people, the system is also expected to generate vast wastes and emissions into the environment as it tries to sustain them and itself (Sarah & Claudia, 2008).Most of the cruise ships are petroleum driven and consume vast quantities of fuel. This is mainly used in production of electricity used in cooking, propelling the ship and maintaining its on-board supportive systems. As a result, it releases vast emissions into the atmosphere contributing to global warming. With the current rise in production and use of large cruise ship in the world, their total contribution into the atmosphere h as been projected to surpass vehicles production by 2015.A large Cruise ship like Royal Caribbean International has been indicated to have higher capacity to produce envisions equal to to production of 1200 cars (Zeneth, 2008). Owing to the large numbers of the people involved, vast quantities of food prepared and served, supportive services like cleaning and maintenance of these ships during the voyages, they release a lot of effluents and solid wastes into the sea. Most of the petroleum effluents have high sulphur contents that easily change the properties the immediate water threatening the vast biodiversity in the cruise ship travelling lines.Cleaning and maintenance of the cruise ship involves use of chemicals that too end up in the waste stream coming from the ship. The argument that ocean water forms strong and effective dilution mediums that have high capacity to assimilate most of their wastes is totally wrong. The International Convention for the Prevention of Ship Polluti on denotes the essence of respecting the ecological integrity and sanctity necessary for harmonious coexistence of all the ecosystems. During the year 2002, the massive death of Penguins in the southern polar region was attributed to ship pollution (Sarah & Claudia, 2008).Solid wastes management has also posed massive threats to the wildlife in the sea. Most of the lines along the cruise ship path ways highly littered with plastic bags and metallic cans for refreshments. Conclusion and recommendation Cruise ship industry has been growing at a tremendous rate since mid 20th century. This has been caused by the fast rising demand and opening up of the industry to all the people as opposed to the prior social classes consideration. As a result more players and investors have entered into the industry opening its lager contribution to the world economy.Arguably, the last two decades have seen US and Europe dominate the world cruise market with large percentage. However, other players fr om developing countries have effectively come up to participate in fast growing sector. Cruise tourism holds the key to the future of tourism industry as people change their consumerism patterns for different services (David & Richard, 2008). However, the industry should address issues relating to its negative impacts especially to the environment.Most importantly, the company owners should establish better ships that have higher fuel combustion efficiency in order to reduce the overall emissions to the atmosphere. Besides, liquid and solid waste treatment systems should also be installed to reduce their poisonous nature to the marine environment along the routes that these cruise ships follow. Reference list Abraham, P. & Yoel, M. (1999). Consumer behaviour in travel and tourism. Bonn: Haworth Press. Chris, C. , John, F. , Stephen, W. & David, G. (2008). Tourism: Principles and Practice. Geneva: Pearson Education. Charles, R. &Brent, R. (2006).Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philos ophies. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Kingston, R. (2006). Cruise Ship Tourism. New York: CABI. David, J. & Richard, S. (2008). Tourism and Development in the Developing World. London: R outledge publishing press. Sarah, V. & Claudia, C. (2008). Water Pollution Issues and Developments. Brussels: Nova Publishers. Wood, R. (2000) ‘Caribbean cruise tourism: globalization at sea', Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2), 345-70 Zeneth, P. (2008). Tourism development: Analytical consideration of Cruise tourism industry, Journal of tourism management, 29(41): 401-469

Positioning of Absolut Vodka

Absolut Positioning. This report will describe the concept of positioning, effective positioning and its relation to segmentation. It will analyse the positioning of Absolut vodka in its market share. In this report the relevant positioning criteria will be identified and appropriate positioning maps to support the analysis will be used. In addition, suggestions on how to improve and develop the Absolut’s positioning will be given as well. In order to apply the relevant academic theory to the positioning of Absolut Vodka brand the definition and idea of positioning concept needs to be identified.Adcock, Halborg and Ross (2001) provide the positioning definition made by Ries and Trout that say that it is ‘what happens in the mind of customers. ’ Brassington and Pettitt (2003) write that positioning ‘means thinking about a product in the context of the competitive space it occupies in its market, defined in terms of attributes that matter to the target market. ’ It is possible to state that positioning is the identification of position of certain brand and its total image among different other brands in the minds of target audience.Positioning includes the evaluation of competitive advantages and brand’s niche. The main purpose of  positioning  is to achieve  sustainable  view in  the minds of  consumers about the brand  as the best  one in particular sphere. It is known that all offered services and products are taking their place with main goal to satisfy customer’s wants and needs. Consequently, in case with effective positioning goods and services have to ‘promise the benefit the customer will receive, create the expectation, and offer a solution to the customer’s problem’, according to http://www. marketing91. com.Effective positioning needs to be unique and realistic, it has to be related to current position, should be long term and yet updated and improved during the time pe riod. Also, product needs to be in the mind of customers’. According to Wind (1980), there are six principles for product positioning. Firstly, positioning can be based on product one and only feature. Also, positioning may be related to product’s benefit that may satisfy consumer’s wants and needs. Besides, positioning can be based according to usage and/or occasion. Additionally, products can be based on competitors and on product class.Another principle that company can use to position product is to base it on user category. Segmentation In order to run business successfully it is essential to understand the concept of market segmentation. Backer (2003) argues that ‘positioning is easy. Market segmentation is difficult. Positioning problems stem from poor segmentation’. Company needs to work only with segment that has been chosen. Absolut Facts (Appendix 1) Speaking about Absolut Vodka, the first question that comes up is: â€Å"Why such unsophi sticated drink has become so successful and popular? when Russian vodka was the most recognised product, occupying the whole niche in industry, when Absolut’s bottleneck was too short for barman to handle and the whole bottle caused the negative associations with pharmacy jars. The answer to the question is: an excellent positioning strategies and advertising actions. Position Absolut possess itself as premium vodka that is not just an alcoholic drink, but lifestyle. It is shown as a beverage for the sophisticated and upper-end people; it is ‘for status buyers who are not open to snob appeal, but open to wit’. Absolut targets people ‘under 35’, those who are ‘ferociously hip’.Absolut has created the conditions, when people are ready to pay premium price (price is 15% higher than most expensive vodka brands) to join the ‘bohemian’ coterie that appreciates the high quality vodka. Due to great positioning and advertising action s the brand itself is now associated with art, music and singers, luxurious clubs that represent the Absolut diction. ‘Once marketers identify the position they would like to occupy in the market, they design a unique marketing mix that will support that position by reaching that target market and meeting its needs’ –Bovee, Houston, Thill (1995).The combination of promotion, product, price and place will assist in the brand’s positioning in order to distinguish it from competitive companies. Marketing mix in case with Absolut: Promotion is the ‘business of communicating with customers’ – The Times 100. In order to promote the brand Absolut releases the limited bottle editions, creative ads etc. Product One of the famous brand’s features is bottle’s shape that is shown in creative, humorous and trendy manner. Also, there is much attention paid to Sweden culture, history and background of vodka.Additionally, there is no doub t that company emphasises on quality of Absolut using high technologies, sources and products in order to maintain its status of super premium spirit. Price As it was mentioned, price is very high compared to other vodka manufacturers. However, Absolut is targeting the certain segment of people that are willing and ready to pay more for status drink. Place The Times 100 explains that ‘place is concerned with various methods of transporting and storing goods, and then making them available for the customer. Getting the right product to the right place at the right time involves the distribution system. According to www. absolut. com there are famous Ice bars in London, Stockholm, Copenhagen and Tokyo under Absolut brand. This fact again supports the idea that Absolut is not a drink but lifestyle. Positioning map ‘Once the positioning has been completed for all the relevant attributes, it is useful to be able to visualise the complete picture graphically, by creating a per ceptual map of the market’ as Brassington and Pettitt (2003) explain. Using http://oliver. efri. hr/~medmark/dokumenti/absolute_vodka. pdf and Mintel’s Vodka – UK – March 2009 report the positioning map for vodka brands may be structured as following:Platinum vodka – the price is higher than ? 40 for 70cl (Mintel) Super premium vodka – is ? 25 or more for 70cl (Mintel) Premium – ? 14. 94-? 24. 99 for 70cl (Mintel) Own-label – ? 4. 82-? 21. 83 according to http://www. supermarketownbrandguide. co. uk Mintel provides the diagram (Appendix 2) that shows the UK market share of vodka, 2008. According to that, it is possible to state that Absolut competes with Smirnoff Red which ‘in the UK is the brand leader ‘the sophisticated one’ the establishment’ – Adcock, Halborg, Ross (2001). Smirnoff is less expensive and yet quality (around ? 1 per bottle) and is famous because of its ‘Russia-nessâ€⠄¢ (however, it is known Smirnoff comes from Connecticut, USA). Suggestions For Absolut it is important to continue its development researching its competitors and stick with its target market. Company has to be very sensitive to its customers’ demand changes and actions of competitors (direct and potential) – their profitability, weaknesses and strengths. Absoult needs to understand and know competitors as much as it is possible. Company ‘should not be surprised if it falls to stay ahead’ as Backer (2003) states. BibliographyAdcock, D, Halborg, A, Ross, C (2001). Marketing principles and practice. 4th ed. Essex: Financial Times Management. p172-177. Backer, M (2003). The Marketing Book. 5th ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. p106. Brassington, F, Pettitt, S (2003). Principles of Marketing. Essex: Financial Times. p116-197. Courtland, B, Houston, M, Thill, J (1995). Marketing. 2nd ed. NY: McGraw-Hill. p202 Kotler, P, G Armstrong, J Saunders and V Wong, 199 9, Principles of Marketing, second European edition, (Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall) Wind, Y, 1980, Going to Market: new twists for some old tricks, Wharton Magazine, 4Absolut. (2012). Absolut Vodka. Available: www. absolut. com. Last accessed 16th Apr 2012. Bhasin, H. (2010). Effective positioning. Available: http://www. marketing91. com/effective-positioning/. Last accessed 15th Apr 2012. Oliver, E. (2010). Absolut Vodka. Available: http://oliver. efri. hr/~medmark/dokumenti/absolute_vodka. pdf. Last accessed 16th Apr 2012. Supermarket own brand guide. (2012). Spirits. Available: http://www. supermarketownbrandguide. co. uk/search. php? SearchString=vodka;Search. x=69;Search. y=18;score;price=0;pricevalue=0. 0;table=spirits. The Times 100 ; Wilson and Wilson Publishing Ltd. (2011). Marketing mix. Available: http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/business-theory/marketing/marketing-mix-price-place-promotion-product. html#ixzz1s6QeVriC. Last accessed 15th Apr 2012. Mintel Vodka, UK, March (2009). Vodka – can fashion last forever. [Online] Available at: http://academic. mintel. com/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show;/display/id=393884 [Accessed: April 2012]. White Spirits and RTDs, UK, March (2011). Competitive Context. [Online]. Available at: http://academic. mintel. om/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show;/display/id=545336/display/id=569847 [Accessed: April 2012]. Appendices 1. ABSOLUT VODKA, introduced in the US in 1979, is the fourth largest international premium spirit in the world and is available in more than 150 markets. ABSOLUT VODKA is the number two brand of premium vodka worldwide. (Source: Impact International) Since its launch in 1979, ABSOLUT VODKA has achieved significant worldwide sales growth, from 10,000 nine-liter cases (90,000 liters) to 11. 0 million nine-liter cases in 2010 (99. 0 millions of liters).Every bottle of ABSOLUTVODKA is produced in Ahus, in southern Sweden. ABSOLUT VODKA is produced from winter wheat, a hardy wheat grain that gives ABSOLUT VODKA its smooth grain character. Every year approximately 80,000 tons are used to produce ABSOLUT VODKA. Over one kilo (two pounds) of grain is used for every one-liter bottle. ABSOLUT VODKA uses a unique process called continuous distillation, introduced in the nineteenth century by ‘‘The Vodka King’’, Lars Olsson Smith. ABSOLUT VODKA is distilled hundreds of times until all impurities have been removed 2.

Lebanese Women Rights

Lebanon more established extremelydifficult political circumstances that result in war quite just once that deteriorated the state and every one laws and created an environment wherever violating human rights is well reached. though Asian country was one in all the member states behind the universal declaration of the human rights that was custom-made by the global organization general assembly on Gregorian calendar month 1948(Charafeddiene, 2009). Lebanon could be a various society that a good variety of voters was raised in well developed countries, besides quite seventy p. of the individuals square measure educated and a good variety of thinkers rose up from Asian country, still human rights aren't revered and particularly women’s rights, thus as girls across the globe take a flash to celebrate their various achievements in Asian country still fight for theirs in associate degree unrelenting patriarchic society(Castle 2009). And in an exceedingly country wherever women†™s rights looked as if it would be revered, still girls cannot pass their status to their broods; government has its reasons however girlssquare measure adhered to their right.The Lebanese status is transmitted by paternity (father). However, this offers the proper to Lebanese to transmit citizenship to their youngsters and foreign wives. (Lebanon: provide girls equal citizenship rights to men beneath the status law 2013 ) the main needs to the Lebanese needs could be a Lebanese father, according to the United Nations this can be thought-about discrimination and it's any upheld by Lebanon's reservation on Article two of paragraph nine of the United Nations Convention of the Elimination of All varieties of Discrimination against girls, signed in 1996. his can be the most conflict by that Lebanese girls square measure hard-to-pleaseto regulate this law and to present Lebanese girls there rights en passant status to their spouses and husbands. Kleib 2 Samira Soueidan's the Burj Hammo ud resident fell smitten, married and began a family. When her husband kicked the bucket in 1994, Soueidan was left with four youngsters the Lebanese state viewed as foreigners. Her crime? Soueidan had married associate degree Egyptian. hereas Lebanese law permits men to expire their status to their non-Lebanese wives and kids, it prohibits Lebanese girls married to non-Lebanese from doing constant. ( One Woman's Fight Against Lebanese status Law, 2013) â€Å"It's extremely ironic that we tend to faux to be the foremost liberal country within the region once we are the most patriarchic and booth at constant time,† (Abou-Habib 1994). the most right girls square measure hard-to-pleaseis that the equality and therefore the full citizenship and to be within the same category as men not a secondary category.Lebanese law discriminates girls and deprives girls from their rights, giving men additional rights. girlsneedto interrupt this masculine society that contradicts with Lebanese constitution and conjointly contradicts with several of national human rights standards â€Å"Convention on the Elimination of All varieties of Discrimination against girls â€Å"(CEDAW). girls have masses additional reasons to regulate the law.Adding the proper of the spouses has the proper to carry the status of their mother, this can be his identity, his mother and grandparents were raised in an exceedingly country that he will visit it as a guest, neglecting the very fact that he belongs to the current space, what is more he would are living within the country till he's over-the-hill, culture, traditions, friends, family land recollections were all gained in Asian country, and a jiffy be treated as a guest or a interloper desires a permission to go to the place he/she was raised in. ut broods that lived off from the country have the proper to go to wherever Kleib 3 their mother was raised and even additional the proper to freely selectwhereverto measure. consistent with Dr. A man Kabara this law affects not solely girls however rather the full family negatively (Mahdawi 2013).The socio-economic scenario has effects on the full family, families of Lebanese girls square measure needed to pay annual residency allow fees of around $1,200 per individual, endure regular medical check-ups and blood tests, and face wide difficulties in accessing or reasonable education, besides they can't profit social insurance and government subsidies, and health-care in Asian country isn'treasonablewhile not the social insurance program. what is more non-Lebanese cannot attain legal job neither public sector nor within the non-public sector unless they need a permission from the labor ministry.Samira value-addedâ€Å"My youngstersestablish as being 100% Lebanese, they are doing not have the other status. They love their country considerablyand that they were born and raised here entirely. â€Å"( One woman's fight against Lebanese status law 2009). May Kingall hopped to exa mine a law before she dies and tell her story â€Å"adding she had struggled for years to pay the residency fees for her half-Irish female offspring, currently over forty years previous.Kinghall aforesaid her female offspring, despite having a Lebanese Baccalaureate and a degree from the yankee University of capital of Lebanon, had to go away Asian country as a result of, while not a Lebanese passport, was unable to figure. â€Å"I'm still fighting to induce the proper of status for my kidUN agency was born here, raised here and UN agency feels she belongs here,† Kinghall value-added with exasperation Kleib 4 our kids square measure watched as aliens to the state. Hundreds of Lebanese girls demand equal right to expirestatus 2009) Problems that girls talked regarding were various consistent with the study of the global organization. they're issues that folksof various cultural, social levels and political orientations stumble upon. They shed the sunshine on the human rights of all voters If human rights guarantee to a personal the elemental rights, as an example right to figure, health care, environs and property, the rights of citizenship renders the optional matter a necessary one. girls square measure equal voters with men. Thus, why square measure they missing human rights?There square measure extravariousissuesexplanation from thisstatus Law, among thatthe texture of non-belonging that convoys lives of families and therefore the deep concern going hand in hand with details of everyday life. If the sensation of estrangement is that the least imperative in an exceedingly society that's as open because the Lebanese society, the children’s worries concerning the longer term and for the longer term, that they get from their folks, flip misery into pains that mother voiced with some tears that attended their confession of ignoring this law and therefore the ensuingissues it brings to their families. Charafeddiene, 2009) The minstrel committee eve n this difference by reasons that were almost like jokes as activists aforesaid. the foremost important reason was the demographic balance between Muslims and Christians that is hooked up to a additionaldifficult issue that is giving status to Palestinian refugees in Asian country. This last issue was major Kleib 5 reason within the continuous civil clashes for fifteen years, and still not resolved till of late and should stir up the war once more.The committee suspect that an oversized variety of Palestinians within the refugee's camps square measure married to Lebanese Sunni girlsattributable to the massive interaction between Muslim Sunni and therefore the Palestinians and the common faith. queries were asked regarding proportion|the share|the proportion} distribution of marriages consistent with faith and weather this percentage is decent to deny the women’s right fully citizenship. The statistics of the interior and municipality’s ministry, and therefore the Musli m courts and therefore the Christian church was that eighty seven. % marriages square measure Muslims and twelve. 5% square measure Christians, and by sects fifty one for Muslim Sunni, and if we tend to take the share by country of the husbands particularly Palestinians husbands square measure twenty first and ninety one of those twenty one square measure Muslim Sunni. Those statistics will support their purpose of read in unbalancing the demographic distribution unless we all know the share in numbers that eighty,000 square measure ones served by this Law that is a smaller amount than a hundred and twenty fifth of the Lebanese population that is negligible for the balance.Even additional the law was adopted before the immigration of Palestinians’ to Asian country (the law of status was adopted in 1925 and therefore the Palestinians immigrated in 1948 to Lebanon). thus this law was born filled with discrimination and difference. Men also are marrying non-Lebanese and consiste nt with the Lebanese general security, share of men marrying non-Lebanese is quitegirls marrying non-Lebanese and this could threaten the balance additional. Kleib 6The minstrel committee had additional excuses to support their purpose of read, either than the political problems demographical balance, it had been the difficult economic scenario in Asian country, and therefore the committee aforesaid that Asian country cannot hold additional responsibilities on different voters, and therefore the subsidies and social insurance cannot cowlextravariety of voters, and it'll be obligatedto hide the Palestinian refugees beneath this law. This reason was unimportantconsistent with the activists since these square measure active votership that may profit the country like several different citizens. oreover in traditional conditions Lebanese government isn't holding responsibilities, voters square measure fighting to possess their rights and that they square measure managing. Hundreds of gir ls activists square measure protestantto achieve their rights fully citizenship and to achieve different girls rights, a number of the organizations political figures in Asian country supported them, and that they draft a replacement citizenship law that respects girls rights and respect the gender equality. he primary Lebanese woman and therefore the Lebanese President is supporting the move, however still the govt isn't issuance this draft law, ladengirlsonce interviewed couldn’t continue the interview while not crying, that’s a good proof on what quantity these girls square measure neglected. girlsassociate degreed human rights believers ought to take an action and support those families to achieve this right, and begin the modification in Asian country on completely different sides.This was acceptable once a lady required a defender and once her capacities and potentials failed to alter her invariablyto form the proper decisions and choices. However, oncegirlsthese days square measure additional educated surpassing those of Kleib 7 males, meeting capacities in body and political opinions thatgirlsare aloof from,. (Charafeddiene 2009).And knowing that Asian country is one in allthe foremost political difficult countries and has endless difficulties, still the beginning ought to be by giving rights to any or all voters and equality ought to be noninheritable . Lebanese individuals says proudlyregarding freedom and rights in Asian country, this pride ought to push to support the hard-to-pleasefor ladies rights. Read more at http://smallseotools. com/article-rewriter/#qjZSvHQXilDiPq0b. 99